How many different numbers between and , inclusive, can be displayed on your shiny new 8-place digital calculator app?
Solution
We start with
Think of this as: .1 2 5 _ _ _ _ _ , where there are 10 possible digits for each blank, thus possible 8-place decimal numbers greater than 1/8 and beginning with .125. There is a similar result for .1 2 6 _ _ _ _ _, and for .1 2 7 _ _ _ _ _, and so on up to .1 2 9 _ _ _ _ _. This makes numbers so far.
Next, for .1 3 _ _ _ _ _ _, .1 4 _ _ _ _ _ _, and so on up to .1 9 _ _ _ _ _ _, we get more. And for .2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _, .3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _, and .4 _ _ _ _ _ _ _, we get more.
Finally, there is .5 itself, i.e., . One possibility.
Now add:
That's a lot!